Periodontics addresses the supporting structures of teeth, including gums, jawbone, and periodontal ligaments, and is fundamental for oral health. This dental specialty addresses diseases and conditions affecting these structures. There may be links between periodontal health and a person’s overall systemic health, suggesting that oral health is interconnected with the body’s other systems. Here is more information about this connection:
Direct Entry of Bacteria
Advanced periodontal disease creates deep pockets between the gums and teeth, and this environment provides a direct pathway for bacteria into the bloodstream. Oral bacteria can travel to other parts of the body when they enter the bloodstream, potentially causing issues. Medical providers find bacteria in various locations far from the mouth.
Certain oral bacteria are one of many factors linked to periodontal disease. These microorganisms in the bloodstream are documented, and their presence has been well established. Bacterial migration may trigger new infections or worsen inflammation in other organ systems.
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a response by the body’s immune system, and periodontal disease is a source of such inflammation. Because the body continuously fights the persistent bacterial infection in the gums, it produces inflammatory molecules. These substances enter the bloodstream, contributing to a state of low-grade, systemic inflammation throughout the body. A prolonged inflammatory state places stress on various organs and systems. This inflammatory response may be linked to the development and progression of several chronic diseases.
Cardiovascular Disease
There may be a link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular issues. Inflammatory proteins originating from infected gums may travel through the bloodstream, contributing to inflammation in the blood vessels. This process is involved in the development of the hardening of arteries, which can cause further issues.
This is a serious condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, restricting blood flow. Dental practitioners in periodontics may detect oral bacteria from periodontitis within these arterial plaques. Systemic inflammation associated with gum disease further increases the cardiovascular system’s overall inflammatory burden. This highlights the need for maintaining good oral hygiene, as it may play a significant role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Cognitive Decline
There may also be a connection between periodontal health and cognitive function. The chronic inflammation stemming from gum disease is one area of investigation, as systemic inflammation may be linked to neuroinflammation. When bacteria from the mouth enter the bloodstream, they might cross the blood-brain barrier. The presence of oral pathogens in the brain is a subject of ongoing investigation. Potential mechanisms involved in this process include:
- Direct effects of bacteria on areas such as neural tissue
- Inflammatory responses affecting brain cells
- Significant impact on the brain’s vascular system
Avoid Health Issues with Periodontics
Maintaining periodontal health is part of a comprehensive approach to overall health and well-being. The connections between oral bacteria, chronic inflammation, and systemic conditions illustrate the mouth’s role in the body’s interconnected systems. Addressing periodontal issues may influence other aspects of health. If you have questions about your periodontal health, schedule an appointment with a dental professional for an evaluation.